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ASTM A694 Forged Flanges
1. General introduction to ASTM A694 forged flanges
ASTM A694 is the standard specification for carbon steel and alloy steel forgings including pipe flanges, fittings, valves and other piping components for high-pressure transmission service. The material can be categorized into several grades: ASTM A 694 Grade F42, F46, F48, F50, F52, F56, F60, F65 and F70. They are widely used in high-pressure oil and gas transmission pipelines as well as wellhead and manifold devices.
ASTM A694 forged flanges can be furnished in accordance with MSS SP 44, ASME B16.47(both Series A and Series B) and ASME B16.5. Although ASTM A694 is not endorsed by ASME B16.5 and ASME B16.47(which inherits the pressure-temperature ratings chart from B16.5), it is a common practice that most of world's prominent oil & gas companies such as BP, Shell, Saudi Aramco, PDO may specify a ASME B16.5 flange in ASTM A694 material in their rfq specification. ASTM A694 can be used in ASME B16.5 flanges as an unlisted material provided it conforms to a published specification covering chemistry, physical and mechanical properties, method and process of manufacture, heat treatment and quality control, and otherwise meet the requirements of ASME B31.3 where strict qualification calculation shall be conducted. API 6A flanges can also be made from ASTM A694 materials provided ASTM A694 material meets the requirements of API 6A(as specified in section 5.4).
2. Chemical composition requirements of ASTM A694 forged flanges
|
Element
|
Product Analysis, %
|
Heat Analysis, %
|
|
Carbon (C)
|
0.265 max.
|
0.26 max.
|
|
Manganese (Mn)
|
1.64 max.
|
1.60 max.
|
|
Silicon (Si)
|
0.10 ~ 0.40
|
0.15 ~ 0.35
|
|
Phosphorus (P)
|
0.030 max.
|
0.025 max.
|
|
Sulfur (S)
|
0.030 max.
|
0.025 max.
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3. Mechanical requirements of ASTM A694 forged flanges
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Mechanical Properties (ASTM A694 Flanges)
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|||
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ASTM A694 Grade
|
Tensile Strength min.
ksi (MPa) |
Yield Strength min.
ksi (MPa) |
Elongation min.
% |
|
F42
|
60 (415)
|
42 (290)
|
20
|
|
F46
|
60 (415)
|
46 (315)
|
20
|
|
F48
|
62 (425)
|
48 (330)
|
20
|
|
F50
|
64 (440)
|
50 (345)
|
20
|
|
F52
|
66 (455)
|
52 (360)
|
20
|
|
F56
|
68 (470)
|
56 (385)
|
20
|
|
F60
|
75 (515)
|
60 (415)
|
20
|
|
F65
|
77 (539)
|
65 (450)
|
20
|
|
F70
|
82 (565)
|
70 (485)
|
18
|
4. Heat treated required
ASTM A694 flanges shall be furnished in carbon steel, high-strength low-alloy steel or alloy steel depending on customers' requirements. It shall not be machined directly from plate nor from solid bar and the forging process is necessary. A694 flanges of all grades shall be heat treated. Heat treatment of carbon steel and high-strength low-alloy steel may consist of normalizing, normalizing-and-tempering, or quenching-and-tempering. Heat treatment of alloy steel may consist of normalizing and precipitation heat treatment or quenching and precipitation heat treatment.
Views: Author：hbmetals Date:15/11/02